| Pauline Christology | |
| Phụ đề: | An Exegetical-Theological Study |
| Tác giả: | Gordon D. Fee |
| Ký hiệu tác giả: |
FE-G |
| DDC: | 232.1 - Chúa Giêsu (Kitô học) |
| Ngôn ngữ: | Anh |
| Số cuốn: | 1 |
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| Contents | |
| ABBREVIATIONS | xxi |
| PREFACE | xxvii |
| CHAPTE R 1: INTRODUCTION | 1 |
| Pauline Christology: What Is It? | 1 |
| Pauline Christology: The Theological Difficulty | 7 |
| Pauline Christology in the Twentieth Century | 10 |
| Pauline Christology: Some Basic Matters | 16 |
| Whither Pauline Christology? | 16 |
| 1 Corinthians 8:6 | 16 |
| Colossians 1:13-17 | 17 |
| Philippians 2:6-11 | 19 |
| Paul and the Septuagint | 20 |
| Did Paul Know and Use the Septuagint? | 20 |
| Would Paul's Readers Have Been Aware of This Usage? | 23 |
| A Numerical Analysis of the Pauline Data | 25 |
| PART I: ANALYSIS | |
| CHAPTER 2: CHRISTOLOGY IN THE THESSALONIAN CORRESPONDENCE | 31 |
| I. Christology in 1 Thessalonians | 33 |
| A Preliminary Look at the Data | 34 |
| Excursus: The Use of the Definite Article with Kὑριος | 35 |
| Jesus as Messianic/Eternal Son of God | 35 |
| 1 Thessalonians 1:1, 3 (God as Father) | 36 |
| 1 Thessalonians 1:9-10 (Christ as Son) | 38 |
| Jesus as the Kὑριος of Septuagint Yahweh Texts | 41 |
| 1 Thessalonians 3:13 | 43 |
| 1 Thessalonians 4:16 | 44 |
| Other Kὑριος Phrases That Echo Septuagint Usage | 45 |
| The Word of the Lord | 45 |
| The Name of the Lord | 46 |
| The Day of the Lord | 46 |
| The Lord as Avenger | 47 |
| The Lord Our Hope | 47 |
| God and ὁ Kὑριος Share in Divine Purposes and Activity | 48 |
| The Church Exists in God and Christ (1 Thess 1:1) | 48 |
| God's Will in Christ Jesus (1 Thess 5:18) | 50 |
| The Divine Presence at the Parousia | 51 |
| Christ the Lord Invoked in Prayer | 51 |
| The Grace Benediction (1 Thess 5:28) | 52 |
| 1 Thessalonians 3:11-13 | 53 |
| II. Christology in 2 Thessalonians | 55 |
| A Preliminary Look at the Data | 56 |
| A Case of Messianic Intertextuality—2 Thessalonians 2:8 | 56 |
| Jesus as the Kὑριος of Septuagint Yahweh Texts | 57 |
| 2 Thessalonians 1:6-10 | 57 |
| 2 Thessalonians 1:12 | 61 |
| 2 Thessalonians 2:13-14 | 63 |
| 2 Thessalonians 3:5 | 65 |
| 2 Thessalonians 3:16 | 66 |
| Kὑριος Phrases That Echo Septuagint Usage | 67 |
| The Name of the Lord | 67 |
| The Word of the Lord | 68 |
| The Day of the Lord | 68 |
| God and ὁ Kὑριος Share in Divine Purposes and Activity | 69 |
| The Peace of the Lord (2 Thess 1:2; 1:12) | 69 |
| The Divine Glory (2 Thess 2:14) | 70 |
| The Divine Faithfulness (2 Thess 3:3) | 71 |
| The One Who Strengthens Believers (2 Thess 3:3) | 72 |
| The Gospel of God and of Christ (2 Thess 1:8) | 73 |
| Christ the Lord Invoked in Prayer | 73 |
| 2 Thessalonians 2:16-17 (cf. 1 Thess 3:11-13) | 73 |
| 2 Thessalonians 3:5 | 76 |
| 2 Thessalonians 3:16 | 76 |
| Conclusion | 77 |
| Appendix I: The Texts | 78 |
| Appendix II: An Analysis of Usage | 83 |
| CHAPTER 3: CHRISTOLOGY IN 1 CORINTHIANS | 84 |
| A Preliminary Look at the Data | 87 |
| Christ: Preexistent Lord and Agent of Creation | 88 |
| The Corinthian Context (1 Cor 8:1-13) | 88 |
| 1 Corinthians 8:6 | 89 |
| Christ as Preexistent with Israel | 94 |
| 1 Corinthians 10:4 | 95 |
| 2 Corinthians 10:9 | 97 |
| Excursus: 1 Corinthians 15:47 and Preexistence | 98 |
| Jesus as Messianic/Eternal Son of God | 99 |
| 1 Corinthians 1:3, 9 | 99 |
| 1 Corinthians 1:13-2:16 | 100 |
| Excursus: The Crucified Messiah and Jewish Wisdom | 102 |
| 1 Corinthians 1:30; 2:7 | 106 |
| 1 Corinthians 15:23-28 | 107 |
| Jesus as Second Adam | 114 |
| 1 Corinthians 15:21-22 | 114 |
| 1 Corinthians 15:44-49 | 116 |
| Jesus as Kὑριος | 120 |
| 1 Corinthians 16:22—The Lord and Early Christian Devotion | 120 |
| 1 Corinthians 5:6-8; 10:16-17; 11:17-34—The Lord of the Eucharistic Meal | 122 |
| 1 Corinthians 12:3—The Lord and the Earliest Christian Confession | 123 |
| 1 Corinthians 12:4-6—The Lord and the Divine Triad | 124 |
| 1 Corinthians 9:1—Paul's Encounter with the Risen Lord | 125 |
| Jesus as the Kὑριος of Septuagint Passages | 127 |
| 1 Corinthians 1:2 | 127 |
| 1 Corinthians 1:31 | 129 |
| 1 Corinthians 2:16 | 130 |
| 1 Corinthians 10:19-22 | 131 |
| 1 Corinthians 10:26 | 133 |
| Kὑριος Jesus and Divine Prerogatives | 134 |
| The Grace of Our Lord (1 Cor 1:3; 16:23) | 134 |
| The Day of the Lord (1 Cor 1:8) | 135 |
| In the Name of the Lord (1 Cor 1:10; 5:3-4) | 135 |
| Sent/Commissioned by Christ (1 Cor 1:1,17) | 136 |
| The Lord of Glory (1 Cor 2:8) | 136 |
| The Lord Has Given/Assigned (1 Cor 3:5; 7:17) | 136 |
| The Lord Judges (1 Cor 4:4-5; 11:32) | 137 |
| If the Lord Wills/Permits (1 Cor 4:19; 16:7) | 139 |
| The Power of the Lord Jesus (1 Cor 5:4) | 139 |
| Striving to Please the Lord (1 Cor 7:32) | 140 |
| The Command of the Lord (1 Cor 7:10, 12, 25; 9:14; 14:36-37) | 140 |
| Under Christ's Law (1 Cor 9:21) | 141 |
| Texts That Imply Subordination | 142 |
| 1 Corinthians 3:23—"Christ Is of God" | 142 |
| 1 Corinthians 11:3—God as the "Head" of Christ | 143 |
| Conclusion | 147 |
| Appendix I: The Texts | 148 |
| Appendix II: An Analysis of Usage | 157 |
| CHAPTE R 4: CHRISTOLOGY IN 2 CORINTHIANS | 160 |
| A Preliminary Look at the Data | 161 |
| Christ: Preexistent and Incarnate Redeemer | 162 |
| 2 Corinthians 8:9—Incarnation as Paradigm for Giving to the Poor | 162 |
| 2 Corinthians 5:21—He Who Knew No Sin | 165 |
| 2 Corinthians 10:1—Jesus' Attitudes as a Basis for Appeal | 167 |
| Jesus Christ, the Son of God | 168 |
| 2 Corinthians 1:3-5; 11:31—God as the Father of Our Lord Jesus Christ | 169 |
| 2 Corinthians 1:18-22—Jesus, the Son of God | 171 |
| Jesus, the Son of God: God's Glory and True Image | 174 |
| Christ as Kὑριος (2 Cor 3:16-18; 4:5) | 177 |
| Christ, the Glory of the Lord (2 Cor 3:18; 4:4, 6) | 180 |
| 2 Corinthians 3:18 | 180 |
| 2 Corinthians 4:4,6 | 183 |
| Christ, the Bearer of the Divine Image (2 Cor 3:18; 4:4, 6) | 184 |
| Excursus: On the Alleged Influence of Wisdom in 2 Corinthians 4:4, 6 | 186 |
| Christ as Sharer of Divine Prerogatives | 187 |
| 2 Corinthians 2:10—Forgiveness Offered in the "Presence of Christ"; 2 Corinthians 8:21—"In the Presence of the Lord" | 188 |
| 2 Corinthians 2:17; 12:19—Speaking as One "in Christ" in the "Presence of God" | 189 |
| 2 Corinthians 3:17—The Spirit of the Lord | 190 |
| 2 Corinthians 5:9—Living So as "to Please the Lord"; | |
| 2 Corinthians 5:10—The "Judgment Seat of Christ"; | |
| 2 Corinthians 11:2—To "Present You to Christ" | 190 |
| 2 Corinthians 5:11—The "Fear of the Lord" | 192 |
| 2 Corinthians 10:5—"Obedience to Christ" | 192 |
| 2 Corinthians 11:10—Appeal Based on "the Truth of Christ" | |
| That Is in Paul | 193 |
| 2 Corinthians 12:1—"Revelations of the Lord" | 193 |
| 2 Corinthians 12:8-10—Prayer Directed "to the Lord" | 194 |
| 2 Corinthians 13:13(14)—Christ in a Triadic Benediction | 195 |
| Christ Devotion and Soteriology—2 Corinthians 5:14-6:2 | 196 |
| Christ as the Bringer of the New Order (2 Cor 5:14-17) | 197 |
| Christ, the Means of God's Reconciliation (2 Cor 5:18-21) | 197 |
| Appendix I: The Texts | 199 |
| Appendix II: An Analysis of Usage | 205 |
| CHAPTER 5: CHRISTOLOGY IN GALATIANS | 207 |
| A Preliminary Look at the Data 208 Christ, God's Messianic Son: Preexistent and Incarnate | 208 |
| Galatians 3:16—Abraham's "Seed," Who Is Christ | 209 |
| Galatians 4:4-7 (and Gal 1:19) | 209 |
| Galatians 1:16-17 | 211 |
| Galatians 2:20 | 220 |
| Excursus: "Faith in Christ Jesus" | 222 |
| Christ and the Divine Prerogatives | 223 |
| Galatians 1:1—The Agent of Paul's Apostleship | 226 |
| Galatians 1:3; 6:18—The Benedictory Grace of Christ | 226 |
| Galatians 1:6, 15; 2:21—The Grace of Christ/of God | 226 |
| Galatians 1:12—Christ, the One Who Reveals | 227 |
| Galatians 4:14—Received Me as ἄγελου θεοῡ, as Christ Jesus | 228 |
| Galatians 4:19—Until Christ Is "Formed" in You | 229 |
| Galatians 6:2—The "Law" of Christ | 231 |
| Conclusion | 231 |
| Appendix I: The Texts | 232 |
| Appendix II: An Analysis of Usage | 232 |
| CHAPTER 6: CHRISTOLOGY IN ROMANS | 236 |
| A Preliminary Look at the Data | 237 |
| Jesus as Messianic/Eternal Son of God | 239 |
| Romans 1:2-4 | 240 |
| Romans 1:9 | 240 |
| Romans 5:10 | 244 |
| Romans 8:3 | 245 |
| Romans 8:15-17 | 247 |
| Romans 8:28-39 | 248 |
| Romans 8:29-30 | 249 |
| Romans 8:32 | 251 |
| Romans 9:4-5 | 252 |
| Romans 15:6 | 253 |
| Jesus as Lord | 254 |
| Romans 8:34 | 254 |
| Romans 10:5-13 | 255 |
| Romans 14:1-12 | 259 |
| Romans 16:1-16, 18 | 267 |
| Christ and the Divine Prerogatives | 268 |
| The Spirit of Christ (Rom 8:9-11) | 269 |
| The Love of Christ (Rom 8:35) | 270 |
| An Appeal through Christ (Rom 15:30) | 271 |
| All the Assemblies of Christ (Rom 16:16) | 271 |
| Jesus as Second Adam | 271 |
| Does Paul Call the Messiah "God "?—Romans 9:5 | 272 |
| Conclusion | 278 |
| Appendix I: The Texts | 278 |
| Appendix II: An Analysis of Usage | 297 |
| CHAPTER 7: CHRISTOLOGY IN COLOSSIANS (AND PHILEMON ) | 289 |
| A Preliminary Look at the Data | 291 |
| Jesus as Messianic/Eternal Son of God | 291 |
| Colossians 1:2-3—God Our Father and the Father of Our Lord Jesus Christ | 292 |
| Colossians 1:12-17—Christ: Messianic and Eternal Son of God | 293 |
| Colossians 1:12-14—The Messianic Son of God | 295 |
| Colossians 1:15-17—The Eternal Son of God, Creator and Lord of All | 298 |
| Colossians 3:10—Christ and the New Creation: The Image Restored | 303 |
| The Son as Incarnate Redeemer | 304 |
| Colossians 1:18—Christ the "Head" of the New Creation | 305 |
| Colossians 1:19-22—Incarnation and Redemption | 307 |
| Colossians 1:19-20 (2:9)—Christ the Incarnate Reconciler | 308 |
| Colossians 1:21-22—Application to the Colossians | 313 |
| Colossians 2:2-3 | 316 |
| Excursus: Christ and Wisdom in Colossians | 317 |
| Paul's Actual Use of the Word "Wisdom" | 318 |
| Paul's Alleged Use of "Wisdom" Vocabulary | 319 |
| Christ as Exalted Lord | 326 |
| Colossians 1:10 | 326 |
| Colossians 2:6 | 326 |
| Colossians 3:1-4 | 327 |
| Colossians 3:13-17 | 328 |
| Colossians 3:18- 4:1 | 329 |
| Colossians 1:27-29 | 331 |
| Conclusion | 332 |
| Appendix I: The Texts | 333 |
| Appendix II: An Analysis of Usage | 337 |
| Appendix III: A Structural Analysis of Colossians 1:15-20 | 338 |
| CHAPTER 8: CHRISTOLOGY IN EPHESIANS | 339 |
| A Preliminary Look at the Data | 341 |
| Jesus as Messianic/Eternal Son of God | 342 |
| Christ Jesus as the Son of the Father | 342 |
| Ephesians 1:2; 6:23 | 342 |
| Ephesians 1:3, 6-7 | 343 |
| Ephesians 1:4 -The Son as Preexistent | 344 |
| Ephesians 1:17 | 345 |
| Ephesians 4:13 | 347 |
| God as "Our" Father | 348 |
| Ephesians 2:18 | 348 |
| Ephesians 3:14-16 | 348 |
| Ephesians 4:6 | 349 |
| Ephesians 5:1 | 349 |
| Ephesians 5:20 | 350 |
| Ephesians 5:5 - Jesus the Messianic King | 350 |
| Christ as Kὑριος | 351 |
| Ephesians 1:20-23 - The Exalted One at the Right Hand | 352 |
| Ephesians 4:4-6 - The One Kὑριος and the Triadic Character of the One God | 354 |
| Ephesians 4:7-13 - The Exalted Christ, the Giver of Gifts | 356 |
| Christ and the Divine Prerogatives | 359 |
| Ephesians 3:19; 5:1-2, 25-27 - The Love of Christ | 359 |
| Ephesians 4:17 - A Modified Oath Formula | 360 |
| Ephesians 4:21 - The Truth That Is in Jesus | 360 |
| Ephesians 5:8-14 - Christ, the Source of Light | 361 |
| Ephesians 5:10 - Living to Please the Lord | 361 |
| Ephesians 5:17 (and 1:1; 6:6) - The Lord's Will and God's Will | 361 |
| Ephesians 5:19-20 - Singing to the Lord and in the Lord's Name | 362 |
| Ephesians 6:5 - Obedience to Christ, the Lord; Ephesians 6:8 - The Lord Will Reward | 362 |
| Ephesians 6:10—Being Strong in the Lord | 362 |
| Conclusion | 363 |
| Appendix I: The Texts | 364 |
| Appendix II: An Analysis of Usage | 368 |
| CHAPTER 9: CHRISTOLOGY IN PHILIPPIANS | 370 |
| A Preliminary Look at the Data | 371 |
| Christ, Preexistent and Incarnate—Philippians 2:6- 8 | 372 |
| (Being in the "Form" of God) (v. 6a) | 376 |
| ([the] Being Equal with God) (v. 6b) | 379 |
| (Not to His Own Advantage) (v. 6b) | 381 |
| (He Poured Himself Out) (v. 7a) | 383 |
| The Role of the Participles in Verses 7-8 | 385 |
| "He Humbled Himself" (v. 8) | 389 |
| Excursus: A Final Note on the Alternative View | 390 |
| Christ, Exalted Lord of AH—Philippians 2:9-11 | 393 |
| God Highly Exalted Him (v. 9a) | 395 |
| The Name, the One above Every Name (v. 9b) | 396 |
| Every Knee Will Bow (v. 10) | 398 |
| Every Tongue Will Confess (v. 11) | 399 |
| Christ, Heavenly Savior and Lord—Philippians 3:20-21 | 401 |
| Christ as "Savior" and "Lord" | 402 |
| The One Who Will Transform Our Bodies | 403 |
| The Final Subjection of All Things | 405 |
| Other Christological Passages/Phrases | 406 |
| Christ as Kὑριος = Yahweh in Septuagint Phrases | 406 |
| The Day of Christ (1:6, 10; 2:16) | 406 |
| The Spirit of Jesus Christ (1:19) | 407 |
| That Christ Be Magnified (1:20) | 407 |
| Rejoice in the Lord (3:1; 4:4; cf. 4:10) | 408 |
| Boast in Christ Jesus (3:4); Know Christ Jesus My Lord (3:8) | 408 |
| The Lord Is Near (4:5) | 409 |
| Sharer of the Divine Prerogatives | 410 |
| With the Compassion of Christ Jesus (1:8) | 410 |
| Hope in the Lord Jesus (2:19); Confident in the Lord (1:14; 2:24) | 410 |
| The One Who Strengthens (4:13) | 411 |
| Paul and Christ Devotion | 412 |
| Conclusion | 413 |
| Appendix I: The Texts | 414 |
| Appendix II: An Analysis of Usage | 417 |
| CHAPTER 10: CHRISTOLOGY IN THE PASTORAL EPISTLES | 418 |
| I. Christology in 1 Timothy | 420 |
| Preliminary Observations about Usage | 421 |
| Christ, the Incarnate Savior | 422 |
| 1 Timothy 1:11-17 | 422 |
| Verse 11 | 423 |
| Verses 12-13 | 424 |
| Verse 14 | 425 |
| Verse 15 | 426 |
| Verse 16 | 427 |
| Verse 17 | 428 |
| 1 Timothy 2:3-6 | 429 |
| 1 Timothy 3:16 | 431 |
| 1 Timothy 6:13-16 | 434 |
| Other Christological Moments | 436 |
| God and Christ Together (1 Tim 1:1-2) | 436 |
| Christ and the Apostle/Believers | 436 |
| II. Christology in Titus | 437 |
| Christ Jesus Our Savior - Titus 1:1-4 | 437 |
| Does Paul Call Jesus "God"? - Titus 2:11-14 | 440 |
| Christ the Manifestation of God's Glory (v. 13) | 442 |
| Christ the Manifestation of God's Grace (vv. 11, 14) | 446 |
| Christ the Giver of the Spirit - Titus 3:6 | 448 |
| III. Christology in 2 Timothy | 449 |
| Preliminary Observations about Usage | 449 |
| Jesus as Preexistent and Incarnate | 450 |
| 2 Timothy 1:8-10 | 450 |
| 2 Timothy 2:8-13 | 453 |
| Jesus as the Kὑριος of Septuagint Texts | 454 |
| 2 Timothy 2:7 | 455 |
| 2 Timothy 2:19 | 455 |
| 2 Timothy 2:22 | 458 |
| 2 Timothy 2:24 | 459 |
| 2 Timothy 4:14 | 459 |
| 2 Timothy 4:16-18 | 460 |
| Verse 16 | 460 |
| Verse 17 (cf. 2 Tim 3:11) | 461 |
| Verse 18a | 462 |
| Verse 18b | 463 |
| Jesus ὁ Kὑριος and the Divine Prerogatives | 464 |
| Jesus the Lord as the Object of Prayer and Doxology | 465 |
| 2 Timothy 1:16, 18 | 465 |
| 2 Timothy 4:22 | 466 |
| Jesus the Lord as Heavenly King and Judge | 467 |
| 2 Timothy 2:12 | 467 |
| 2 Timothy 4:1 | 467 |
| 2 Timothy 4:8 | 468 |
| 2 Timothy 4:14 | 469 |
| Giving a Charge in the Presence of the Lord (2 Tim 2:14) | 469 |
| Christ the Lord as Source and Sustainer | 471 |
| 2 Timothy 1:1 - "Apostle of Christ Jesus" | 471 |
| 2 Timothy 1:1 - "Promise of Life in Christ Jesus" | 472 |
| 2 Timothy 1:12 - "The One Trusted and the Guardian of the Present Deposit" | 472 |
| 2 Timothy 2:1 - "Grace in Christ Jesus" | 472 |
| Conclusion | 472 |
| Appendix I: The Texts | 473 |
| Appendix II: An Analysis of Usage | 477 |
| PART II: SYNTHESIS | |
| CHAPTER 11: CHRIST, THE DIVINE SAVIOR | 481 |
| The Central Role of Christ in Salvation | 182 |
| The Ultimate Goal of Salvation: Re-Creation into the Divine Image | 484 |
| Place of "Christ Devotion" in Pauline Christology | 488 |
| Christ as Object of Personal Devotion | 488 |
| Christ as Object of Worship | 490 |
| Appendix: The Pauline Soteriological Texts | 495 |
| CHAPTER 12: CHRIST: PREEXISTENT AND INCARNATE SAVIOR | 500 |
| The Nature of Paul's Incarnational Christology | 500 |
| Christ as Agent of Creation and Redemption | 502 |
| 1 Corinthians 8:6; 10:4, 9 | 502 |
| Colossians 1:15-20 | 504 |
| Colossians 2:9 | 505 |
| Christ as "Impoverished" Redeemer | 506 |
| 2 Corinthians 8:9 | 506 |
| Philippians 2:6-8 | 508 |
| 2 Timothy 1:9-10 | 508 |
| The Son as the "Sent One" | 508 |
| Galatians 4:4-7 | 510 |
| Romans 8:3-4 | 511 |
| 1 Timothy 1:15; 2:5; 3:16 | 511 |
| The Importance of the Incarnation for Paul | 513 |
| CHAPTER 13: JESUS AS SECOND ADAM | 514 |
| Paul and New-Creation Theology | 515 |
| Sin and Death - The Explicit Comparisons | 516 |
| 1 Corinthians 15:21-22 516 1 Corinthians 15:44-49 | 516 |
| Romans 5:12-21 | 517 |
| Christ as the Image of God - The Implied Comparison | 518 |
| 1 Corinthians 15:49 | 518 |
| 2 Corinthians 3:18; 4:4-6 | 519 |
| Romans 8:29 | 520 |
| Colossians 1:15 | 521 |
| Colossians 3:10 | 522 |
| Philippians 2:6-8 | 522 |
| The Pauline Emphasis - A Truly Human Divine Savior | 523 |
| Paul and the Historical Jesus | 524 |
| Knowledge of the "Life of Jesus" | 524 |
| Knowledge of the Teaching of Jesus | 525 |
| Paul and the Earthly Jesus | 526 |
| Philippians 2:6-8 | 527 |
| 1 Timothy 2:5; 3:16 | 527 |
| Galatians 4:4-5; Romans 8:3 | 527 |
| Galatians 3:16; Romans 1:3; 9:5; 2 Timothy 2:8 | 528 |
| The Use of the Name "Jesus" | 528 |
| The One Who "Died for Our Sins" | 528 |
| The One Who Knew No Sin | 529 |
| CHAPTER 14: JESUS: JEWISH MESSIAH AND SON OF GOD | 530 |
| Jesus as the Messianic Son of God | 532 |
| The Ultimate Scandal: Jesus as Crucified Messiah | 532 |
| 1 Corinthians 15:3; 1:18-25 | 533 |
| Galatians 1:14; Philippians 3:4-6 | 534 |
| Galatians 3:13; 1 Corinthians 1:22 | 535 |
| Christ and the Basic Narrative of Judaism | 536 |
| Creation | 537 |
| Abraham (with the Promise of Gentile Inclusion) | 538 |
| The Exodus (Deliverance from Bondage and Gaining the Inherited Land) | 538 |
| The Giving of the Law | 540 |
| Jesus as the Davidic Son of God | 540 |
| Exodus 4:22-23 | 540 |
| 2 Samuel 7:13-14, 18 LXX | 540 |
| Psalm 2:2, 7-8; 72:1 (71:1 LXX) | 541 |
| Psalm 89:26-27 (88:27-28 LXX) | 542 |
| The Story of Jesus in the Gospels | 542 |
| Jesus as the Eschatological King/Son of God | 544 |
| Romans 1:2-4 | 544 |
| 1 Corinthians 15:24-28 | 545 |
| Colossians 1:13-15 | 545 |
| Jesus as the Preexistent, Eternal Son of God | 546 |
| The Linguistic Data | 546 |
| God's Son as Savior | 547 |
| Jesus as Son of the Father | 549 |
| The Abba-Cry | 549 |
| The Echoes of Abraham and Isaac (Gen 22) | 550 |
| Galatians 2:20 | 550 |
| The Son as God's Image-Bearer | 551 |
| God's Son as Creator | 551 |
| Conclusion: The Question of "Origins" | 552 |
| Appendix: Son of God/God as Father Texts in Paul's Letters | 554 |
| CHAPTER 15: JESUS: JEWISH MESSIAH AND EXALTED LORD | 558 |
| Jesus Christ, Exalted Messianic Lord—Psalm 110:1 | 559 |
| The "Name" above Every Name | 562 |
| Jesus, the Lord of the Shema (1 Cor 8:6) | 562 |
| The Bestowal of the Name (Phil 2:10-11) | 564 |
| Confessing the Name (Rom 10:9-13) | 565 |
| Calling on the Name (1 Cor 1:2, etc.) | 566 |
| Jesus the Lord: Eschatological Judge | 568 |
| The Day of the Lord | 568 |
| The Parousia of the Lord | 569 |
| 1 Thessalonians 3:13 (Zech 14:5); 4:16 (Ps 47:5) | 569 |
| 2 Thessalonians 1:7-8 (Isa 66:15, 4) | 570 |
| Jesus the Lord: Present and Eschatological Judge of His People | 571 |
| 1 Thessalonians 4:6 | 571 |
| 1 Corinthians 4:4-5 | 571 |
| 2 Corinthians 5:9-11 | 572 |
| Jesus the Lord: Eschatological Judge of the Wicked | 572 |
| 2 Thessalonians 1:9-10 (Isa 2:10; Ps 89:7; 68:35) | 573 |
| 2 Thessalonians 2:8 (Isa 11:4) | 574 |
| Jesus the Lord: Invoked in Prayer | 574 |
| Prayer to "the Lord" in the Thessalonian Correspondence | 574 |
| Other Prayer Addressed to "the Lord" | 575 |
| Jesus the Lord: Sharer of Divine Prerogatives | 576 |
| Christ, the "Lord" of Septuagint Texts | 577 |
| Boast in the Lord - 1 Corinthians 1:31 (Jer 9:23-24) | 577 |
| The Mind of the Lord - 1 Corinthians 2:16 (Isa 40:13) | 577 |
| Beloved of the Lord - 2 Thessalonians 2:13 (Deut 33:12) | 577 |
| The Lord Be with You - 2 Thessalonians 3:16 (Ruth 2:4) | 578 |
| The Lord Is Near—Philippians 4:5 (Ps 145:18) | 578 |
| Kὑριος and Θ εὁς Share Prerogatives | 578 |
| Christian Existence as Being in Christ/in God | 579 |
| The Grace of the Lord/of God | 579 |
| The Peace of the Lord/of God; the God/Lord of Peace | 579 |
| Walk Worthy of the Lord/of God | 580 |
| The Divine Presence at the Parousia | 580 |
| The Lord/the God Who Strengthens Believers | 580 |
| The Word of the Lord/of God | 580 |
| The Faithfulness of the Lord/of God | 581 |
| The Gospel of Our Lord Jesus Christ | 581 |
| The Glory of the Lord/of God | 581 |
| Paul Sent/Commissioned by Christ | 582 |
| The Power of the Lord/of God | 582 |
| The Lord/God Has Given | 583 |
| God/the Lord Wills | 583 |
| Pleasing the Lord/God | 583 |
| The Assembly(ies) of God/Christ | 583 |
| The Fear of the Lord | 584 |
| The Spirit of the Lord | 584 |
| Conclusion | 584 |
| CHAPTER 16: CHRIST AND THE SPIRIT: PAUL AS A PROTO-TRINITARIAN | 586 |
| The Person and Role of the Spirit in Paul's Thought | 587 |
| Christ and the Spirit in Paul's Thought | 589 |
| Paul and the Divine Triad | 591 |
| APPENDIX A: CHRIST AND PERSONIFIED WISDOM | 594 |
| Did Paul Identify Christ with Wisdom? | 599 |
| 1 Corinthians 8:6 (and 1:24, 30) | 599 |
| Colossians 1:15-18 | 601 |
| 2 Corinthians 4:4-6 | 601 |
| Paul and the Wisdom Tradition | 602 |
| Paul's Citations of the Wisdom Tradition | 603 |
| The Nature of Paul's Use of This Tradition | 605 |
| Paul's Nonuse of Sirach and Wisdom of Solomon | 605 |
| Wisdom as the "Agent" of Creation | 606 |
| The Question of the Nature of Personification | 607 |
| The Texts: Wisdom and Creation | 609 |
| Psalm 104:24 | 610 |
| Proverbs 3:19-20 | 610 |
| Proverbs 8:22-31 | 611 |
| Sirach 24:1-22 | 612 |
| Wisdom of Solomon 6:12-9:18 | 613 |
| Wisdom of Solomon: An Overview | 613 |
| Wisdom 7:22 (7:21 LXX) | 616 |
| Wisdom 8:4-6 | 616 |
| Wisdom 9:1-2, 9 | 617 |
| Conclusion | 618 |
| Addendum I: Nestle-Aland2 7 Margins: Allusions to Wisdom of Solomon | 620 |
| Addendum II: The Wisdom Texts | 626 |
| APPENDIX B : PAUL'S USE OF Kὑριος FOR CHRIST IN CITATIONS AND ECHOES OF THE SEPTUAGINT | 631 |
| Citations and Allusions to the Text of the Septuagint | 631 |
| Kὑριος Phrases | 636 |
| Septuagint Citations Where Kὑριος = God the Father | 636 |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 639 |
| INDEX OF MODERN AUTHORS | 667 |
| INDEX OF SUBJECTS | 673 |
| INDEX OF ANCIENT SOURCES | 693 |