Introduction to the Prophets | |
Tác giả: | Thomas L. Leclere |
Ký hiệu tác giả: |
LE-T |
DDC: | 223.2 - Các sách Ngôn sứ |
Ngôn ngữ: | Anh |
Số cuốn: | 2 |
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List of Illustrations | XV |
Introduction | xvii |
The Goal | xvii |
Special Features of This Book | xviii |
Some Technical Details | XX |
Chapter 1. Prophecy in Its Various Contexts | 1 |
Geographical Context | 2 |
The Pertile Crescent | 2 |
Historical Context | 4 |
From Joseph to Saul | 4 |
From David to the Retum from Exile | 5 |
Social and Cross-Cultural Contexts | 6 |
Cultural Assumptions | 8 |
Religious Context | 10 |
Literary Context | 12 |
The Development of Prophetic Literature | 12 |
Biblical Books as Literary Works | 14 |
Canonical Context | 14 |
Summary | 16 |
Chapter 2. Intermediaries and Prophets in the Ancient Near East | 18 |
Gods and Heavenly Rule | 19 |
Kings and Earthly Rule | 21 |
Priests and Temple Power | 24 |
Divination | 27 |
Inductive or Instrumental Divinatíon | 27 |
Intuitive or Mediated Divination | 29 |
Evidence from Egypt | 29 |
Evidence from Mesopotamia | 30 |
Inductive Divination | 30 |
Intuitive Divination | 31 |
Texts from Mari | 32 |
The Signiíicance of These Texts | 34 |
Summary | 35 |
Chapter 3. Stories of Prophets in the Pentateuch | 37 |
The Documentary Hypothesis | 38 |
Heroes of the North: Abraham, Moses, and Mừiam (E) | 41 |
Abraham | 41 |
Moses | 42 |
The Call | 42 |
The Golden Calf | 44 |
Miriam | 46 |
Balaam | 47 |
The Book of Deuteronomy | 49 |
The Book of Deuteronomy and the Documentary Hypothesis | 50 |
The Book of Deuteronomy and Prophecy | 51 |
Moses as Prophet | 52 |
Deuteronomic Criteria for Judging Authentic Prophets | 53 |
Deuteronomy and the Covenant | 56 |
Chapter 4. Stories of Prophets in the Deuteronomistic History | 61 |
"Deuteronomistic History" or the "Former Prophets"? | 61 |
Prophets and Prophecy in the Deuteronomistic History | 62 |
Joshua as Prophet | 62 |
Deborah: Prophetess and Judge | 63 |
The Rise of Kingship | 64 |
Samuel and the Emergence of Prophecy | 65 |
The Call | 70 |
Samuel's Last Prophecy | 71 |
The Rise of David | 72 |
Nathan, Prophet in David's Royal Court | 72 |
Solomon and the Division of the Kingdom | 79 |
Ahijah the Shilonite Designates a New King | 81 |
Rehoboam, Son of Solomon | 82 |
Shemaiah Prevents War | 82 |
"The Sins of Jeroboam" and the Man of God | 83 |
From Jeroboam to Elijah | 85 |
Baal, Canaanite God of Fertility and Storm | 86 |
The Elijah Stories | 87 |
Drought in the Land of Baal | 87 |
The Contest on Mount Carmel | 88 |
Elijah at the Mountain of God | 89 |
Naboth's Vineyard | 91 |
Micaiah ben Imlah | 92 |
Elijah's Fiery Departure | 93 |
Evidence of Prophetic Actívity among Israel's Neighbors | 94 |
The Mesha Inscription | 94 |
The Zakkur Inscription | 96 |
Elisha the Prophet | 97 |
Concluding Comments | 97 |
Chapter 5. The Prophetic Books | 100 |
How to Proceed: Canonical or Chronological Order? | 100 |
A Variety of Terms | 101 |
The Content of Prophetic Books | 102 |
The Formation of Prophetic Books | 103 |
Prose and Poetry | 104 |
Important Themes and Mọtifs | 107 |
Ethical Conduct | 108 |
Justice | 109 |
Judgment | 110 |
The Courtroom | 111 |
Divine Sovereignty | 112 |
Israel and Zion/Jerusalem | 113 |
Repentance and Hope | 114 |
The World of the Eighth-Century Prophets | 115 |
From Elisha to Jeroboam II | 115 |
The Reign of Jeroboam II | 116 |
Economic Prosperity and Social Injustice | 116 |
1. The Monarchy | 118 |
2. Urbanization | 118 |
The Rise of As9yria | 120 |
Chapter 6. Amos of Tekoa, Prophet of Doom | 123 |
The Prophet | 123 |
The Superscription | 123 |
The Call | 124 |
The Book | 126 |
Signiíicance of Editorial Activity | 128 |
Important Themes and Passages | 129 |
Judgment against the Kingdoms | 129 |
Judgment against Israel | 130 |
Judgment | 131 |
Social Justice | 132 |
The Cult | 133 |
The Prophet as Intercessor | 134 |
Amos and the Traditions of Israel | 135 |
The Day of Yahweh | 136 |
Election | 137 |
Exodus | 138 |
Amos in Later Traditions | 139 |
Chapter 7. Hosea, Prophet of the Covenant | 142 |
The Times | 142 |
The Prophet | 144 |
Biographical Iníormation | 144 |
Location | 145 |
Date | 146 |
The Book | 146 |
Important Themes and Passages | 147 |
Marriage and the Covenant | 147 |
Justice and Worship | 149 |
Judgment | 150 |
Divine Compassion | 152 |
Fertility | 153 |
Hosea and the Traditions of Israel | 155 |
Ancient Heroes: Abraham, Jacob, and Moses | 155 |
Exodus and the Wilderness | 156 |
Covenant and Knovvledge of God | 157 |
Hosea in Later Traditions | 159 |
Chapter 8. Isaiah, Prophet of Zion | 162 |
Special Issue: One Book, Three Isaiahs | 162 |
The Status of Jerusalem | 162 |
The Rulers of Kingdoms | 163 |
The Enemies of Judah | 163 |
The Book | 164 |
The Prophet | 166 |
The Call | 166 |
The Times | 167 |
The Syro-Ephraimite War of 734-732 | 168 |
Theological Signiíicance | 170 |
The Fall of Samaria in 722/721 | 170 |
Theological Signiíicance | 171 |
The Siege of Jerusalem in 701 | 171 |
Theological Signiíicance | 173 |
Important Themes and Passages | 174 |
Survey of Major Concerns | 174 |
David and Jerusalem: Royal Theology | 177 |
The House of David | 177 |
The City of Jerusalem | 178 |
Social Justice | 180 |
God Rules over All | 181 |
Trust in Yahweh | 182 |
Eschatology | 183 |
"That Day" | 183 |
The Remiiant | 184 |
First Isaiah in Later Traditions | 185 |
Chapter 9. Micah of Moresheth | 188 |
The Times | 188 |
The Prophet | 189 |
TheBook | 190 |
Important Themes and Passages | 191 |
Justice | 191 |
Unjust Acquisition of Land and Property | 192 |
Oppression of the Poor | 192 |
côrrupt Leaders | 193 |
The Call to "Do Justice" | 194 |
Judgment | 195 |
Idolatry | 195 |
Misplaced Coníidence | 196 |
Legal Language | 197 |
Restoration | 199 |
Zion VVlll Be Exalted | 199 |
A Remnant Shall Return | 200 |
A King Shall Rule | 200 |
Micah and the Traditions of Israel | 201 |
Micah in Later Traditions | 202 |
Chapter 10. Three Late Seventh-Century Prophets: | |
Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk | 205 |
The Times | 205 |
Josiah and "the Book of the Law" | 207 |
Special Issue: Assyrian Prophecy and Prophetic Texts | 209 |
The Book of Zephaniah | 212 |
The Prophet | 212 |
The Book | 212 |
Important Themes and Passages | 213 |
The Day of the Lord | 213 |
Judgment | 214 |
The Remnant | 216 |
Zephaniah and the Traditions of Israel | 217 |
Zephaniah in Later Traditions | 218 |
The Book of Nahum | 219 |
The Prophet and His Times | 219 |
The Book | 220 |
Important Themes and Passages | 221 |
The Divine Warrior | 221 |
Divine Sovereignty | 222 |
Divine Justice | 223 |
Nahum and the Traditions of Israel | 224 |
Nahum in Later Traditions | 225 |
The Book of Habakkuk | 226 |
The Prophet and His Times | 226 |
The Book | 227 |
Important Themes and Passages | 228 |
Justice in the Human Realm | 228 |
Divine Justice | 229 |
Faith and the Reliability of God's Plan | 230 |
"A Prayer of the Prophet Habakkuk" | 231 |
Habakkuk and the Traditions of Israel | 232 |
Habakkuk in Later Traditions | 232 |
Chapter 11. The Fall of Jcrusalem: | |
Jeremiah, Lamentations, and Obadiah | 235 |
The Times | 235 |
Trouble in David's Royal House | 236 |
The Book of Jeremiah | 239 |
The Prophet | 239 |
Family and Priestly Background | 239 |
The call | 240 |
The Persecuted Prophet | 242 |
The Lamentations of Jeremiah | 243 |
The Book | 246 |
Jeremiah and the Deuteronomists | 246 |
Baruch the Scribe and Jeremiah's Book | 247 |
Important Themes and Passages | 248 |
The Covenant | 248 |
The Nature of the Covenant | 249 |
Violations of the Covenant | 251 |
1. Idolatiy | 251 |
2. Inịustice | 253 |
The Covenant Curse: Destruction | 255 |
New Covenant | 256 |
Misdirected Faith | 257 |
The Temple Sermon | 258 |
Foreign Alliances | 259 |
Prophets and Prophecy | 260 |
Other Prophets | 260 |
Conữontation with Hananiah | 261 |
Deuteronomic Criteria | 262 |
Prophet as Intercessor | 263 |
Hope | 264 |
The Remnant | 265 |
Buying Property and Building Houses | 267 |
Jeremiah and the Traditions of Israel | 268 |
Jeremiah in Later Ttaditions | 269 |
The Book of Lamentations | 272 |
The Book of the Prophet Obadiah | 274 |
The Prophet and His Times | 274 |
The Book | 275 |
Important Themes and Pạssages | 275 |
The Sins of Edom | 275 |
The Day of the Lord | 276 |
Divine Sovereignty | 276 |
Obadiah and the Traditions of Israel | 276 |
Obadiah in Later Traditions | 277 |
Chapter 12. Ezekiel, Prie8t and Prophet in Exile | 278 |
The Times | 278 |
Life in Exile | 279 |
Life in Jerusalem and the Continuation of Worship | 280 |
Spedal Issue: The Grovving Importance of Torah | 280 |
The Prophet | 281 |
The Call | 282 |
The Book | 283 |
Important Themes and Passages | 285 |
Prophetic Signs | 285 |
The Prophet as Intercessor | 287 |
The Righteous Cannot Save the Wicked | 287 |
Moral Blackmail | 287 |
Moral Pressure | 288 |
Ezekiel's Presentation of God | 289 |
The Holy and the Proíane | 290 |
The Sin of Judah | 291 |
History of Sin | 291 |
Idolatry | 292 |
Injustice | 292 |
The Consequence of Sin: The Departure of the Glory of the Lord |
293 |
Ezekiel and Jeremiah Compared | 293 |
Personal Responsibility | 295 |
Hope for the Future | 296 |
God, the Shepherd | 296 |
Vision of the Dry Bones | 297 |
The Restored Temple, City, and Land | 29 7 |
1. The Temple | 297 |
2. The River Flowing from the Temple | 298 |
3. New Leadership | 298 |
4. The Land Reapportioned | 299 |
Ezekiel and the Traditions of Israel | 299 |
Prophetic Traditions | 299 |
Priestly Traditions | 300 |
Mythic Traditions | 301 |
Ezekiel in Later Traditions | 301 |
Chapter 13. The Second Isaiah: Consolation in Exile | 304 |
The Times | 304 |
Nabonidus, Babylon's Last King | 304 |
Cyrus, the Persian | 305 |
The Astral Cult in Babylon | 306 |
Theological Crisis | 308 |
The Prophet | 309 |
The Call | 309 |
The Book | 310 |
Important Themes and Passages | 312 |
The Sovereignty of Yahvveh | 312 |
Creation | 312 |
Redemption: God's Power to Save | 313 |
1. ANevvExodus | 316 |
2. Cyrus, The Lord's Anointed | 317 |
Monotheism and the Denunciation of Idols as Unreal | 319 |
1. The Idols on Trial | 320 |
2. Parody of Idol Makers | 322 |
3. No God but Yahweh | 322 |
The Servant of Yahweh | 323 |
The First Song | 324 |
The Second Song | 325 |
The Third Song | 325 |
The Fourth Song | 326 |
Reprise: The Role of the Prophet | 327 |
Second Isaiah and the Traditions of Israel | 328 |
Second Isaiah in Later Traditions | 330 |
Chapter 14. Prophecy after the Exile (Part 1): | |
Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi | 333 |
The Times | 333 |
The Decree of Cyrus and the Return | 333 |
Resettlement Próblems | 334 |
Rebuilding the Temple | 335 |
The Book of the Law | 336 |
The Book of Haggai | 337 |
The Prophet | 338 |
The Book | 338 |
Important Themes and Passages | 339 |
Call to Build the Temple | 339 |
God, the Giver of Fertility and Prosperity | 339 |
A Restored Kingdom? | 340 |
Haggai and the Traditions of Israel | 341 |
Haggai in Later Traditions | 341 |
The Book of Fừst Zechariah | 342 |
The Prophet | 342 |
The Book | 342 |
Important Themes and Passages | 343 |
Return to Me! | 343 |
DoJustice! | 343 |
Visions, Angels, and the Satan | 344 |
Priestly Concerns | 345 |
Zechariah9—14 | 346 |
The Book | 347 |
Important Themes and Passages | 348 |
Sovereignty of Yahweh | 348 |
Yahweh, the Divine Warrior | 348 |
Yahweh, the Shepherd | 349 |
Ịerusalem and the House of David | 349 |
Zechariah and the Traditions of Israel .... | 350 |
Zechariah in Later Traditions | 351 |
The Book of Malachi | 352 |
The Prophet | 352 |
The Book | 353 |
Important Themes and Passages | 354 |
Èlection | 354 |
Proper Worship | 354 |
Faithlessness | 355 |
Prepare the Way | 356 |
Moses and EIijah | 357 |
Malachi and the Traditions of Israel | 357 |
Malachi in Later Traditions | 358 |