| CONTENTS |
|
| PREFACE |
ix |
| ABBREVIATIONS |
|
| 1. General |
xiii |
| 2. Dead Sea Scrolls |
XV |
| THE 101 QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES |
|
| 1. What are the Dead Sea Scrolls? |
1 |
| 2. What is Qumran and what relation do the Dead Sea |
|
| Scrolls have to it? |
2 |
| 3. How did the scrolls come to be deposited in the caves? |
3 |
| 4. Who discovered the QS? |
4 |
| 5. When were the QS discovered? |
5 |
| 6. In what country were the QS discovered? |
6 |
| 7. Where are the QS today? |
6 |
| 8. Who owns the QS? |
7 |
| 9. How did Israel acquire the seven major scrolls of Cave 1? |
8 |
| 10. How did various foreign institutions get involved in the |
|
| Cave 4 publication project? |
9 |
| 11. Did any Cave 4 fagments fail to end up in the |
|
| scrollery of the Palestine Archaeological Museum? |
10 |
| 12. Could the QS lack any connection with the Qumran |
|
| community? |
11 |
| 13. What QS have been deữnitively published? |
12 |
| 14. Are the QS all texts of the OT? |
13 |
| 15. Of what sort are the nonbiblical writings of Qumran? |
14 |
| 16. In what languages have the QS been vvritten? |
15 |
| 17. Are there any NT texts among the QS? |
16 |
| 18. How are the QS dated? |
16 |
| 19. What sort of texts were discovered in Cave 1? |
19 |
| 20. What sort of texts were discovered in Cave 2? |
22 |
| 21. What sort of texts were discovered in Cave 3? |
22 |
| 22. What sort of texts were discovered in Cave 3? |
23 |
| 23. What sort of texts were discovered in Caves 5 and 6 |
24 |
| 24. What texts were found in Cave 7? |
24 |
| 25. What texts were discovered in Caves 8, 9, 10? |
24 |
| 26. What texts were discovered in Cave 11? |
25 |
| 27. Are any of the QS related to the texts discovered at |
|
| Masada or Khirbet Mird or in the caves of Murabba‘at, Nahal Hever, Se’elim, and Mishmar? |
25 |
| 28. What is the Manual of Discipline? |
27 |
| 29. What is the Damascus Document? |
28 |
| 30. What is the War Scroll? |
30 |
| 31. What are the Thanksgiving Psalms? |
32 |
| 32. What are the pesharim? |
33 |
| 33. What is the Genesis Apocryphon? |
34 |
| 34. What is the Copper Plaque? |
35 |
| 35. What is the Temple Scroll? |
36 |
| 36. What is the Psalms Scroll of Cave 11? |
38 |
| 37. What is the Tầrgum of Job. of Cave 11? |
39 |
| 38. How have the QS aided the study of the text of the OT? |
40 |
| 39. What do the QS contribute to our understanding of |
|
| apocalyptic literature? |
42 |
| 40. What light do the QS shed on ancient forms of the |
|
| Hebrew or Aramaic languages? |
44 |
| 41. What light do the QS shed on ancient Judaism? |
45 |
| 42. Were the members of the Qumran community Torah- |
|
| observant Jews? |
47 |
| 43. How do the authors of the QS conceive of God? |
48 |
| 44. What do the QS tell us about how the people who |
|
| wrote them understood time and history? |
52 |
| 45. Did the Qumran community have a messianic |
|
| expectation? |
53 |
| 46. Who was the Teacher of Righteousness? |
56 |
| 47. Did the Qumran community believe that its Teacher of |
|
| Righteousness was a Messiah? |
57 |
| 48. Did the community think that the Teacher of |
|
| Righteousness had been put to death? |
57 |
| 49. Does any Qumran text mention cruciíìxion? |
58 |
| 50. Did the Qumran community think that its Teacher of |
|
| Righteousness was to come back? |
61 |
| 51. But do not some texts mention the coming of the |
|
| Interpreter of the Law at the end of days? |
63 |
| 52. Did entrance into the Qumran comraunity require a |
|
| period of testing or initiation? |
64 |
| 53. Were the members of the Qumran communỉty celibate? 65 |
|
| 54. What was distinctive about the theological tenets of |
|
| the Qumran community? |
67 |
| 55. What do the QS tell us about the ritual life of the |
|
| community? |
70 |
| 56. Do the QS give us any information about the sectarian |
|
| communal meals? |
73 |
| 57. Do the QS tell us anything about the dietary habits of |
|
| the community? |
74 |
| 58. Do the QS tell us anything about how the community |
|
| íunctioned and was governed? |
77 |
| 59. Do the QS tell us anything about how members of the |
|
| community settled their differences? |
83 |
| 60. What is known about the Qumran community’s calen- |
|
| dar and celebration of festivals? |
85 |
| 61. What do the QS tell us about the community’s ob- |
|
| servance of the sabbath? |
88 |
| 62. What was the community’s attitude toward the Temple |
|
| in Jerusalera? |
90 |
| 63. What do the QS tell us about the community’s deal- |
|
| ings with Gentiles? |
93 |
| 64. What relation do the QS have to the Pharisees or |
|
| Sadducees mentioned in the NT? |
94 |
| 65. Who were the Essenes? |
96 |
| 66. What other ancient writers tell us about the Essenes? |
100 |
| 67. Is the identiAcation of the Qumran community vvith the Essenes certain? |
100 |
| 68. How does the Qumran understanding of God differ from that in the NT? |
102 |
| 69. How do the QS help in the study of the NT? |
104 |
| 70. Is John the Baptist mentioned in the QS? Could he have been a member of the Essene community at Qumran? |
106 |
| 71. Is Jesus of Nazareth mentioned in any of the QS? |
108 |
| 72. Is there mention of anything Christian in the QS? |
109 |
| 73. Have genuine parallels to NT ideas and phrases been discovered in the QS? |
110 |
| 74. Do the QS shed any light on christological titles used in the NT? |
111 |
| 75. Does the title “Son of Man,” which appears so ữequently on the lips of Jesus in the Gospels, occur in the QS? |
115 |
| 76. Is the “Servant of Yahvveh” theme used in the QS? |
116 |
| 77. What sort of parallels have been found to the Matthean Gospel? |
117 |
| 78. What sort of parallels have been found to Johannine vvritings? |
121 |
| 79. Is not the phrase “sons of light” used elsevvhere in the |
124 |
| NT too?. |
124 |
| 80. What sort of parallels have been found to Pauline letters? |
125 |
| 81. What light have the QS shed on the Epistle to the Hebrevvs? |
133 |
| 82. In the NT Jesus íòrbids divorce. Is there anything like that in the QS? |
|
| 83. Did the subsequent history of the Qumran sect con- tribute in any way to Jewish Christianity? |
134 |
| 84. What relation did the Qumran community have to later Christian monasticism? |
140 |
| 85. Why have the scrolls from Cave 4 created such a problem as was recently described in news media? |
142 |
| 86. What stirred up the recent interest in the QS? |
147 |
| 87. Who assembled the team of scholars to work on Cave 4 ữagments? |
148 |
| 88. Was any Qumran scroll published by someone who was not part of the international team? |
150 |
| 89. Why were there no Jewish scholars on the inter- national team? |
150 |
| 90. Have the Cave 4 texts so far published been com- petently handled? |
150 |
| 91. How did it come about that there is a concordance of Cave 4 texts, when the texts themselves have not yet been published? |
152 |
| 92. Who “bootlegged” Cave 4 texts by reconstructing them from the concordance? |
153 |
| 93. How can a concordance be used to reconstruct a text? |
154 |
| 94. Can the Cave 4 texts so reconstructed be trusted? |
155 |
| 95. Have the photographs of all the Cave 4 texts been published? |
156 |
| 96. Is this a wise or prudent course of action? |
157 |
| 97. Have there been tendentious readings of the QS? |
157 |
| 98. Have there been other tendentious readings of the QS? |
158 |
| 99. Is there any truth to the claim that Allegro made that his colleagues on the team were suppressing texts? |
161 |
| 100.Has there been a conspiracy to hold up the publica- tion of the scrolls? |
166 |
| 101.But do the QS contain anything that vvould tend to undermine Christian faith? |
167 |
| SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY |
169 |
| INDEXES |
|
| 1. Biblical and DSS |
|
| 2. Topical |
|
| 3. Modern Authors |
|
