| CONTENTS |  | 
| PREFACE | ix | 
| ABBREVIATIONS |  | 
| 1.       General | xiii | 
| 2.       Dead Sea Scrolls | XV | 
| THE 101 QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES |  | 
| 1.       What are the Dead Sea Scrolls? | 1 | 
| 2.       What is Qumran and what relation do the Dead Sea |  | 
| Scrolls have to it? | 2 | 
| 3.       How did the scrolls come to be deposited in the caves? | 3 | 
| 4.       Who discovered the QS? | 4 | 
| 5.       When were the QS discovered? | 5 | 
| 6.       In what country were the QS discovered? | 6 | 
| 7.       Where are the QS today? | 6 | 
| 8.       Who owns the QS? | 7 | 
| 9.       How did Israel acquire the seven major scrolls of Cave 1? | 8 | 
| 10.   How did various foreign institutions get involved in the |  | 
| Cave 4 publication project? | 9 | 
| 11.   Did any Cave 4 fagments fail to end up in the |  | 
| scrollery of the Palestine Archaeological Museum? | 10 | 
| 12.   Could the QS lack any connection with the Qumran |  | 
| community? | 11 | 
| 13.   What QS have been deữnitively published? | 12 | 
| 14.   Are the QS all texts of the OT? | 13 | 
| 15.   Of what sort are the nonbiblical writings of Qumran? | 14 | 
| 16.      In what languages have the QS been vvritten? | 15 | 
| 17.      Are there any NT texts among the QS? | 16 | 
| 18.      How are the QS dated? | 16 | 
| 19.      What sort of texts were discovered in Cave 1? | 19 | 
| 20.      What  sort of texts were discovered in Cave 2? | 22 | 
| 21.      What sort of texts were discovered in Cave 3? | 22 | 
| 22.      What sort of texts were discovered in Cave 3? | 23 | 
| 23.      What  sort of texts were discovered in Caves 5 and 6 | 24 | 
| 24.      What texts were found in Cave 7? | 24 | 
| 25.      What texts were discovered in Caves  8, 9, 10? | 24 | 
| 26.      What texts were discovered in Cave 11? | 25 | 
| 27.      Are any of the QS related to the texts discovered at |  | 
| Masada or Khirbet Mird or in the caves of Murabba‘at, Nahal Hever, Se’elim, and Mishmar? | 25 | 
| 28.      What is the Manual of Discipline? | 27 | 
| 29.      What is the Damascus Document? | 28 | 
| 30.      What is the War Scroll? | 30 | 
| 31.      What are the Thanksgiving Psalms? | 32 | 
| 32.      What are the pesharim? | 33 | 
| 33.      What is the Genesis Apocryphon? | 34 | 
| 34.      What is the Copper Plaque? | 35 | 
| 35.      What is the Temple Scroll? | 36 | 
| 36.      What is the Psalms Scroll of Cave 11? | 38 | 
| 37.      What is the Tầrgum of Job. of Cave 11? | 39 | 
| 38.      How have the QS aided the study of the text of the OT? | 40 | 
| 39.      What do the QS contribute to our understanding of |  | 
| apocalyptic literature? | 42 | 
| 40.      What light do the QS shed on ancient forms of the |  | 
| Hebrew or Aramaic languages? | 44 | 
| 41.      What light do the QS shed on ancient Judaism? | 45 | 
| 42.      Were the members of the Qumran community Torah- |  | 
| observant Jews? | 47 | 
| 43.      How do the authors of the QS conceive of God? | 48 | 
| 44.      What do the QS tell us about how the people who |  | 
| wrote them understood time and history? | 52 | 
| 45.      Did the Qumran community have a messianic |  | 
| expectation? | 53 | 
| 46.     Who was the Teacher of Righteousness? | 56 | 
| 47.     Did the Qumran community believe that its Teacher of |  | 
| Righteousness was a Messiah? | 57 | 
| 48.     Did the community think that the Teacher of |  | 
| Righteousness had been put to death? | 57 | 
| 49.     Does any Qumran text mention cruciíìxion? | 58 | 
| 50.     Did the Qumran community think that its Teacher of |  | 
| Righteousness was to come back? | 61 | 
| 51.     But do not some texts mention the coming of the |  | 
| Interpreter of the Law at the end of days? | 63 | 
| 52.     Did entrance into the Qumran comraunity require a |  | 
| period of testing or initiation? | 64 | 
| 53.     Were the members of the Qumran communỉty celibate? 65 |  | 
| 54.     What was distinctive about the theological tenets of |  | 
| the Qumran community? | 67 | 
| 55.     What do the QS tell us about the ritual life of the |  | 
| community? | 70 | 
| 56.     Do the QS give us any information about the sectarian |  | 
| communal meals? | 73 | 
| 57.     Do the QS tell us anything about the dietary habits of |  | 
| the community? | 74 | 
| 58.     Do the QS tell us anything about how the community |  | 
| íunctioned and was governed? | 77 | 
| 59.     Do the QS tell us anything about how members of the |  | 
| community settled their differences? | 83 | 
| 60.     What is known about the Qumran community’s calen- |  | 
| dar and celebration of festivals? | 85 | 
| 61.     What do the QS tell us about the community’s ob- |  | 
| servance of the sabbath? | 88 | 
| 62.     What was the community’s attitude toward the Temple |  | 
| in Jerusalera? | 90 | 
| 63.     What do the QS tell us about the community’s deal- |  | 
| ings with Gentiles? | 93 | 
| 64.     What relation do the QS have to the Pharisees or |  | 
| Sadducees mentioned in the NT? | 94 | 
| 65.     Who were the Essenes? | 96 | 
| 66.     What other ancient writers tell us about the Essenes? | 100 | 
| 67.    Is the identiAcation of the Qumran community vvith the Essenes certain? | 100 | 
| 68.    How does the Qumran understanding of God differ from that in the NT? | 102 | 
| 69.    How do the QS help in the study of the NT? | 104 | 
| 70.    Is John the Baptist mentioned in the QS? Could he have been a member of the Essene community at Qumran? | 106 | 
| 71.    Is Jesus of Nazareth mentioned in any of the QS? | 108 | 
| 72.    Is there mention of anything Christian in the QS? | 109 | 
| 73.    Have genuine parallels to NT ideas and phrases been discovered in the QS? | 110 | 
| 74.    Do the QS shed any light on christological titles used in the NT? | 111 | 
| 75.    Does the title “Son of Man,” which appears so ữequently on the lips of Jesus in the Gospels, occur in the QS? | 115 | 
| 76.    Is the “Servant of Yahvveh” theme used in the QS? | 116 | 
| 77.    What sort of parallels have been found to the Matthean Gospel? | 117 | 
| 78.    What sort of parallels have been found to Johannine vvritings? | 121 | 
| 79.    Is not the phrase “sons of light” used elsevvhere in the | 124 | 
| NT too?. | 124 | 
| 80.    What sort of parallels have been found to Pauline letters? | 125 | 
| 81.    What light have the QS shed on the Epistle to the Hebrevvs? | 133 | 
| 82.    In the NT Jesus íòrbids divorce. Is there anything like that in the QS? |  | 
| 83.    Did the subsequent history of the Qumran sect con- tribute in any way to Jewish Christianity? | 134 | 
| 84.    What relation did the Qumran community have to later Christian monasticism? | 140 | 
| 85.    Why have the scrolls from Cave 4 created such a problem as was recently described in news media? | 142 | 
| 86.    What stirred up the recent interest in the QS? | 147 | 
| 87.    Who assembled the team of scholars to work on Cave 4 ữagments? | 148 | 
| 88.    Was any Qumran scroll published by someone who was not part of the international team? | 150 | 
| 89.    Why were there no Jewish scholars on the inter- national team? | 150 | 
| 90.    Have the Cave 4 texts so far published been com- petently handled? | 150 | 
| 91.    How did it come about that there is a concordance of Cave 4 texts, when the texts themselves have not yet been published? | 152 | 
| 92.    Who “bootlegged” Cave 4 texts by reconstructing them from the concordance? | 153 | 
| 93.    How can a concordance be used to reconstruct a text? | 154 | 
| 94.    Can the Cave 4 texts so reconstructed be trusted? | 155 | 
| 95.    Have the photographs of all the Cave 4 texts been published? | 156 | 
| 96.    Is this a wise or prudent course of action? | 157 | 
| 97.    Have there been tendentious readings of the QS? | 157 | 
| 98.    Have there been other tendentious readings of the QS? | 158 | 
| 99.    Is there any truth to the claim that Allegro made that his colleagues on the team were suppressing texts? | 161 | 
| 100.Has there been a conspiracy to hold up the publica- tion of the scrolls? | 166 | 
| 101.But do the QS contain anything that vvould tend to undermine Christian faith? | 167 | 
| SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY | 169 | 
| INDEXES |  | 
| 1.        Biblical and DSS |  | 
| 2.        Topical |  | 
| 3.        Modern Authors |  |