| Romans | |
| Tác giả: | Brendan Byrne |
| Ký hiệu tác giả: |
BY-B |
| DDC: | 227.1 - Thư Rôma |
| Ngôn ngữ: | Anh |
| Tập - số: | Vol 6 |
| Số cuốn: | 3 |
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| Editor's Preface | ix |
| Preface | xi |
| Note on References | xiii |
| Abbreviations | xv |
| Introduction | |
| A. Recent Interpretation of Romans | 2 |
| 1. History as Paradigm | 2 |
| 2. New Approaches to the Interpretation of Romans | 3 |
| 3. The Approach Taken by This Commentary | 8 |
| B. Why Paul Wrote to Rome | 8 |
| 1. The Historical Circumstances | 8 |
| a) Paul's Own Situation | 8 |
| b) The Christians in Rome | 10 |
| 2. Romans as a Letter and Instrument of Persuasion | 13 |
| a) Letter Form | 13 |
| b) Instrument of Persuasion | 16 |
| 3. Why Paul Wrote to Rome: Conclusion | 18 |
| C. Paul's Rhetorical Task | 19 |
| 1. "Knowledge" Paul Has in Common with the Christians of Rome | 20 |
| a) The Heritage from Judaism | 20 |
| b) The Shared Christian Pattern of Belief | 21 |
| 2. "Knowledge" More Particularly Distinctive of Paul | 22 |
| D. The Structure of the Letter | 26 |
| Outline of the Structure of the Letter | 27 |
| E. Two Further Issues | 29 |
| 1. The Integrity of the Letter | 29 |
| 2. Paul and Israel | 29 |
| General Bibliography | 31 |
| A. The Socio-Rhetorical Approach | 31 |
| B. Christianity in Rome | 32 |
| C. Occasion and Purpose of Romans | 33 |
| D. Commentaries | 33 |
| E. General | 34 |
| Translation, Interpretation, Notes | |
| Introduction (1:1-17) | 37 |
| a) Address and Greeting (1:1-7) | 37 |
| b) Thanksgiving and Theme (1:8-17) | 47 |
| Body of the Letter (1:18-15:13) | 62 |
| I. THE INCLUSIVE SAVING POWER OF THE GOSPEL (1:18-11:36) | 62 |
| A.The Inclusion of the Gentiles on the Basis of Righteousness by Faith (1:18-4:25) | 62 |
| i. No Other Righteousness (1:18-3:20) | 63 |
| a) The Revelation of God's Wrath Against the Gentile World (1:18-32) | 63 |
| b) Those Who "judge" Are Not Immune from the Wrath (2:1-11) | 79 |
| c) Possession of the Law Makes No Difference (2:12-29) | 87 |
| 1. The Law and the Gentiles (2:12-16) | 87 |
| 2. The Law and the Jews (2:17-24) | 95 |
| 3. The "Real Jew" (2:25-29) | 101 |
| d) God's Faithfulness to Israel Stands (3:1-8) | 106 |
| e) Scripture's Witness to Universal Lack of Righteousness (3:9-20) | 115 |
| ii. The "Righteousness of God" Now Available to All Believers(3:21-26) | 122 |
| i. Faith, the Sole Basis Upon Which the One God Justifies All (3:27-31) | 135 |
| ii. Scripture's Witness to Righteousness by Faith (4:1-25) | 141 |
| a) Abraham, Justified on the Basis of Faith (4:1-12) | 144 |
| b) Abraham, Paradigm Receiver of the Promise on the Basis of Faith (4:13-25) | 151 |
| B. The Sure Hope of Salvation Springing from Righteousness by Faith (5:1-8:39) | 162 |
| i. The Hope That Springs from God's Love (5:1-11) | 164 |
| ii. The Legacy of Christ (Righteousness and Life) Outweighs the Legacy of Adam (Sin and Death) (5:12-21) | 173 |
| iii. The Freedom to Live Out the Righteousness of God (6:1-8:13) | 187 |
| a) Dead to Sin/Alive to God in Christ (6:1-14) | 188 |
| b) The New Obedience (6:15-23) | 199 |
| c) Free in Christ from the Law (7:1-6) | 208 |
| d) The Fatal Encounter with the Law (7:7-13) | 216 |
| e) Life Under the Law—Ethical "Impossibility" (7:14-25) | 224 |
| f) Life in the Spirit—Ethical "Possibility" (8:1-13) | 234 |
| iv. Hope of Glory for God's Children (8:14-30) | 247 |
| a) Children and Heirs of God (8:14-17) | 247 |
| b) The "Groaning" of Creation (8:18-22) | 254 |
| c) The "Groaning" of "Ourselves" (8:23-25) | 262 |
| d) The "Groaning" of the Spirit (8:26-28) and God's Eternal Plan (8:29-30) | 266 |
| v. The Coming Victory of God's Love (8:31-39) | 274 |
| C. The Inclusion of Israel (9:1-11:36) | 281 |
| i. The Bitter Problem of Israel's Present Unbelief (9:1-5) | 284 |
| ii. The Elective Pattern of God's Working (9:6-29) | 289 |
| a) The Elective Pattern Shown in the Patriarchs (9:6-13) | 291 |
| b) The Elective Pattern Shown in Moses and Pharaoh (9:14-18) | 295 |
| c) God's Freedom Defended Against Human Complaint (9:19-21) | 296 |
| d) The Elective Pattern Shown in the Compositionof the Believing Community (9:22-29) | 300 |
| iii. Israel's Present Rejection of the Gospel (9:30-10:21) | 307 |
| a) Stumbling" Before the Righteousness of God (9:30-10:4) | 308 |
| b) Scripture's Witness to Righteousness by Faith (10:5-13) | 316 |
| c) Israel Has Heard but Not Responded to the Gospel (10:14-21) | 323 |
| iv. Israel's Ultimate Inclusion in the Community of Salvation (11:1-32) | 328 |
| a) God Has Not Rejected Israel—the "Remnant" (11:1-10) | 329 |
| b) Israel's "Stumbling" Has a Saving Purpose (11:11-24) | 336 |
| c) The "Mystery": the Final Salvation of "All Israel" (11:25-32) | 348 |
| v. Hymn to God's Inscrutable Wisdom (11:33-36) | 358 |
| H. SUMMONS TO LIVE ACCORDING TO THE GOSPEL (12:1-15:13) | 361 |
| i. Christian Life as "Rational Worship" (12:1-2) | 362 |
| ii. The Basic Demands of Christian Living (12:3-13:14) | 367 |
| a) A Due Assessment of One's Personal Gift (12:3-8) | 367 |
| b) Love in Action Within the Community (12:9-16) | 374 |
| c) Love in Action Outside the Community (12:17-21) | 380 |
| d) Duties Towards Civil Authorities (13:1-7) | 384 |
| e) The Sole Debt of Love (13:8-10) | 393 |
| f) "Knowing the Time" (13:11-14) | 397 |
| iii. Tolerance in Contentious Areas of Community Life (14:1-15:13) | 403 |
| a) The Tolerance Incumbent upon All (14:1-12) | 407 |
| b) The Tolerance Asked Particularly of the "Strong" (14:13-23) | 414 |
| c) The Example of Christ as Grounds for Tolerance (15:1-6) | 423 |
| d) Christ's "Acceptance" as Model for Community Acceptance (15:7-13) | 428 |
| Conclusion of the Letter (15:14—16:24[27]) | 433 |
| i. Paul's Ministry of the Gospel to the Gentiles (15:14-33) | 433 |
| a) Paul's Apostolic Mission Until Now (15:14-21) | 434 |
| b) Paul's Plans for the Future and Concluding "Grace" I (15:22-33) | 439 |
| ii. Commendation and Greetings (16:1-27) | 446 |
| a) Commendation of Phoebe (16:1-2) | 447 |
| b) Greetings I (16:3-16) | 449 |
| c) A Warning (16:17-20) | 455 |
| d) Greetings II and Concluding "Grace" II (16:21-24) | 459 |
| e) (Inauthentic) Concluding Doxology (16:25-27) | 461 |
| Indexes | |
| Scripture Index | 465 |
| Index of Ancient Writings | 487 |
| Author Index | 494 |
| Subject Index | 499 |
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